{"id":1751,"date":"2022-09-13T15:13:21","date_gmt":"2022-09-13T13:13:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.afaf.asso.fr\/?page_id=1751"},"modified":"2023-01-28T13:42:09","modified_gmt":"2023-01-28T12:42:09","slug":"recherche-fondamentale-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.afaf.asso.fr\/la-recherche\/recherche-fondamentale-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Recherche fondamentale"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1751\" class=\"elementor elementor-1751\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6338cd8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6338cd8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4678a0c\" data-id=\"4678a0c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee40a8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee40a8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La recherche fondamentale pour l\u2019Ataxie de Friedreich consiste \u00e0 mieux comprendre <a href=\"https:\/\/www.afaf.asso.fr\/la-maladie\/\">la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et les m\u00e9canismes de la maladie<\/a>, de la fonction des g\u00e8nes jusqu\u2019aux cons\u00e9quences dans l\u2019organisme et ainsi ouvrir des perspectives de traitements. Elle travaille sur la mise au point de mod\u00e8les biologiques, qui permettent de comprendre la maladie mais aussi tester des mol\u00e9cules\u2026,. Elle prend aussi en charge l\u2019identification de biomarqueurs permettant de mesure l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de traitements\u2026<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f115fa lien-ancre elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f115fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"#modeles\">La mise au point de mod\u00e8les<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#biomarqueurs\">Les biomarqueurs<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#grandes-dates\">Les grandes dates de la recherche fondamentale dans l\u2019AF<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#preclinique\">La recherche pr\u00e9clinique<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8c8c9a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8c8c9a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1083a62\" data-id=\"1083a62\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81d53a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"81d53a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">La mise au point de mod\u00e8les<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-201bdab elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"201bdab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff354ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff354ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLa recherche fondamentale a pour objectif la mise au point de mod\u00e8les (cellulaires, levures, vers, mouches et souris) les plus proches possibles de la maladie chez l\u2019homme.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e90cb06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e90cb06\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2ac5af\" data-id=\"b2ac5af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3afecec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3afecec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Des mod\u00e8les ?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7f4507 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b7f4507\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUn mod\u00e8le  (cellulaires, levures, poissons , mouches et souris) est destin\u00e9 \u00e0 reproduire, dans la cellule ou l\u2019organisme utilis\u00e9, les m\u00eames d\u00e9fauts de fonctionnement que ceux observ\u00e9s chez les malades. Ces mod\u00e8les servent donc \u00e0 mieux comprendre les m\u00e9canismes de la maladie, \u00e0 tester l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et la toxicit\u00e9 des mol\u00e9cules avant de les essayer chez l\u2019homme.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c844de8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c844de8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mod\u00e8le cellulaire\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9295abd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9295abd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIl s\u2019agit de reproduire dans des cellules, que l\u2019on peut multiplier en grande quantit\u00e9, les m\u00eames d\u00e9fauts de fonctionnement que ceux observ\u00e9s dans les cellules des malades. Ces mod\u00e8les cellulaires servent \u00e0 tester un tr\u00e8s grand nombre de mol\u00e9cules existantes ou nouvelles (criblage th\u00e9rapeutique). Les mol\u00e9cules identifi\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre ensuite test\u00e9es sur les mod\u00e8les plus complexes (petits organismes ou souris).\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fe6b60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5fe6b60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les petits organismes mod\u00e8les pour l\u2019ataxie de Friedreich<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b76b06f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b76b06f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLe poisson-z\u00e8bre et la mouche (Drosophila), comme la souris, sont des organismes multicellulaires poss\u00e9dant notamment des cellules neuronales et cardiaques (celles qui sont atteintes chez les malades). Ces organismes ont l\u2019avantage d\u2019avoir un temps de reproduction tr\u00e8s court par rapport aux souris. Des mod\u00e8les pr\u00e9sentant des sympt\u00f4mes proches de ceux des malades peuvent \u00eatre cr\u00e9\u00e9s. Ils sont tout aussi importants que les mod\u00e8les murins (souris) pour tester des mol\u00e9cules et pour comprendre les m\u00e9canismes de la maladie.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-aff8528\" data-id=\"aff8528\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5ee3ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e5ee3ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Documents associ\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3a8efd elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a3a8efd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbc9aa7 pdf2-colonne-laterale nouvelle-fenetre elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cbc9aa7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLa g\u00e9n\u00e9tique :\n<ul>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.afaf.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Unites-de-mesure-des-expansions-des-triplets-GAA_Michel-KOENIG_Avril-2017-Espoir-151.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Unit\u00e9s de mesure des expansions des triplets GAA_Michel KOENIG_Avril 2017 (Espoir 151)<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.afaf.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/La-genetique-et-les-bases-moleculaires-de-lAF-les-modeles-pour-comprendre_JM.Camadro-H.Tricoire-V.Serre_Mars-2016-Espoir-144.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et les bases mol\u00e9culaires de l\u2019AF, les mod\u00e8les pour comprendre_ JM.Camadro, H.Tricoire, V.Serre_Mars 2016 (Espoir 144)<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.afaf.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Les-travaux-a-lIGBMC-dIllkirch_O-Griso-F-Piguet-H-Puccio_Mars-2016-Espoir-144.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Les travaux \u00e0 l\u2019IGBMC d\u2019Illkirch_O Griso, F Piguet, H Puccio_Mars 2016 (Espoir 144)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3bdd47a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3bdd47a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"biomarqueurs\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-07e05e0\" data-id=\"07e05e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe82b41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fe82b41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les biomarqueurs<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06b86a0 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"06b86a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd1046e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd1046e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un biomarqueur (ou marqueur biologique) est une caract\u00e9ristique d\u00e9finie qui est mesur\u00e9e de fa\u00e7on objective, comme un indicateur de processus biologiques normaux, de processus pathologiques ou de r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 une exposition ou \u00e0 une intervention, y compris les interventions th\u00e9rapeutiques.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f385f8f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f385f8f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-custom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1026634\" data-id=\"1026634\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a19b59f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a19b59f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Qu'est-ce qu'un biomarqueur?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ac716c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ac716c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un marqueur biologique peut \u00eatre n\u2019importe quel indicateur biologique mesurable, par exemple, l\u2019ADN, l\u2019ARN, les prot\u00e9ines, les m\u00e9tabolites&#8230; Ils sont mesur\u00e9s \u00e0 partir d\u2019une biopsie tissulaire ou d\u2019une biopsie liquide (sang, urine, salive\u2026.). D\u2019autres biomarqueurs (physiologiques, morphologiques, etc.) peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s ou mesur\u00e9s par imagerie clinique ou m\u00e9dicale.<\/p><p>Les biomarqueurs peuvent \u00eatre quantitatifs ou qualitatifs.<br \/>Les biomarqueurs qualitatifs pourraient \u00eatre impliqu\u00e9s dans la d\u00e9tection d\u2019un processus pathog\u00e8ne dans le cadre d\u2019une analyse oui\/non, tandis que les biomarqueurs quantitatifs sont impliqu\u00e9s dans la d\u00e9tection d\u2019un processus pathog\u00e8ne avec un effet seuil.<\/p><p>Les biomarqueurs sont utilis\u00e9s dans la recherche et la pratique clinique pour :<br \/>&#8211; Diagnostiquer les maladies ou pr\u00e9voir les risques de maladie<br \/>&#8211; Surveiller les personnes en bonne sant\u00e9 pour d\u00e9tecter les signes pr\u00e9coces de la maladie<br \/>&#8211; D\u00e9terminer si un traitement est efficace ou non<br \/>&#8211; Cibler des groupes sp\u00e9cifiques de personnes pour lesquelles un m\u00e9dicament particulier peut \u00eatre utile<br \/>&#8211; Produire des m\u00e9dicaments plus s\u00fbrs en pr\u00e9disant plus t\u00f4t le potentiel d\u2019effets ind\u00e9sirables<br \/>&#8211; Permettre aux chercheurs d\u2019avoir une vision globale des \u00e9v\u00e9nements et des changements qui se produisent en permanence au sein d\u2019une cellule<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff3f36d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff3f36d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Types de biomarqueurs dans l\u2019AF :<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21f04be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21f04be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Diagnostic\/ Pronostic (permettent la s\u00e9lection des patients): nombre de r\u00e9p\u00e9titions GAA, fonction cardiaque.<\/li><li>Biomarqueurs de suivi: niveau de frataxine (dans le serum, sang, liquide c\u00e9phalorachidien, c\u0153ur, muscle, peau, cellules buccales\u2026).<\/li><li>Biomarqueurs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 : cytokines, tests de fonction h\u00e9patique.<\/li><li>Pharmacodynamie\/ R\u00e9ponse \u00e0 un traitement (engagement de la cible) :<ul><li>Frataxine (serum, sang, liquide c\u00e9phalorachidien, c\u0153ur, cellules buccales),<\/li><li>Nrf2(ferritine, bilirubine), PPAR\u03b3 (adiponectine, inflammation),<\/li><li>Neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence (NfL\/NfH ; fonction mitochondriale),<\/li><li>Imagerie (cerveau, moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re),<\/li><li>Fonction cardiaque, fonction sensorielle, l\u2019exercice, la marche\u2026,<\/li><li>Mesures digitales (capteurs num\u00e9riques li\u00e9s au mouvement)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Crit\u00e8re de substitution raisonnablement probable : Frataxine, imagerie, fonction cardiaque<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6bf7bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e6bf7bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comment les biomarqueurs peuvent-ils \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s comme crit\u00e8res de substitution ?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2768448 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2768448\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un crit\u00e8re de substitution (<strong>surrogate endpoint<\/strong>) est un crit\u00e8re d&#8217;essai clinique utilis\u00e9 comme substitut \u00e0 une mesure directe de la fa\u00e7on dont un patient se sent, fonctionne ou survit. Un crit\u00e8re de substitution ne mesure pas en soi le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice clinique de premier int\u00e9r\u00eat, mais est plut\u00f4t cens\u00e9 pr\u00e9dire ce b\u00e9n\u00e9fice clinique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-86b0f87\" data-id=\"86b0f87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3600017 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3600017\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Documents associ\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c78fe2f elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c78fe2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ec6236 pdf2-colonne-laterale nouvelle-fenetre elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ec6236\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.afaf.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Recherche-de-biomarqueurs-dans-les-urines-et-le-plasma_V.Serre_Janvier-2020-Espoir-158.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Recherche de biomarqueurs dans les urines et le plasma_V.Serre_Janvier 2020 (Espoir 158)<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.afaf.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Travaux-sur-les-biomarqueurs_Helene-PUCCIO_Novembre-2018-Espoir-154-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Travaux sur les biomarqueurs_H\u00e9l\u00e8ne PUCCIO_Novembre 2018 (Espoir 154)<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.afaf.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Recherche-de-genes-biomarqueurs-dans-lAF_Aurelien-Bayot_Mai-2016-Espoir-144.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Recherche de g\u00e8nes biomarqueurs dans l\u2019AF_Aur\u00e9lien Bayot_Mai 2016 (Espoir 144)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-241d42a liens2-colonne-laterale nouvelle-fenetre elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"241d42a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sources :<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK326791\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FDA\u2013NIH Biomarker Working Group. EST (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools) Resource (2016)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6609901\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The current state of biomarker research for Friedreich\u2019s ataxia: a report from the 2018 FARA biomarker meeting. Blair I. A. et al.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/development-resources\/surrogate-endpoint-resources-drug-and-biologic-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Surrogate Endpoint Resources for Drug and Biologic Development<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acobiom.com\/fr\/biomarqueurs-et-diagnostics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Biomarqueurs &amp; Diagnostics<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.has-sante.fr\/upload\/docs\/application\/pdf\/2021-03\/doctrine_ct.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Haute Autorit\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9 : Doctrine de la Commission de la Transparence. Principes d\u2019\u00e9valuation de la CT relatifs aux m\u00e9dicaments en vue de leur acc\u00e8s au remboursement<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.curefa.org\/events\/event\/832-fara-2020-biomarker-clinical-endpoint-meeting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FARA 2020: Biomarker &amp; Clinical Endpoint Meeting, 24-25 Sept 2020<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-93be2f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"93be2f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"grandes-dates\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fea89d8\" data-id=\"fea89d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afcc0d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"afcc0d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les grandes dates de la recherche fondamentale dans l\u2019ataxie de Friedreich<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-718acbd elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"718acbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0066697 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0066697\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDe la cr\u00e9ation de mod\u00e8les souris aux pr\u00e9mices d\u2019une th\u00e9rapie g\u00e9nique, retrouvez les grandes dates de la recherche fondamentale dans l\u2019Ataxie de Friedreich.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d7e445c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d7e445c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-custom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-311d978\" data-id=\"311d978\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f9aa73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f9aa73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>1999 &#8211;<\/strong> D\u00e9but de la recherche sur la cr\u00e9ation de mod\u00e8les souris et de mod\u00e8les cellulaires pour tenter de reproduire au mieux les m\u00e9canismes de la maladie<\/li><li><strong>2000 &#8211;<\/strong> Mise au point du premier mod\u00e8le souris avec inactivation totale de la frataxine. Celui-ci a conduit \u00e0 la mort in utero des souriceaux. Aucune \u00e9tude n\u2019\u00e9tait donc possible avec ce mod\u00e8le.<\/li><li><strong>2001\u20132002 &#8211;<\/strong>\u00a0Mise au point de mod\u00e8les souris avec atteinte soit purement cardiaque, soit purement neurologique par inactivation du g\u00e8ne correspondant \u00e0 un tissu pr\u00e9cis (c\u0153ur, muscle, tissu nerveux). Ces mod\u00e8les d\u00e9veloppent une maladie similaire \u00e0 celle de l\u2019homme, mais plus s\u00e9v\u00e8re, puisqu\u2019il n\u2019y a plus du tout de frataxine dans les tissus. Ils permettent de tester des mol\u00e9cules potentiellement th\u00e9rapeutiques (par exemple des antioxydants comme l\u2019id\u00e9b\u00e9none et des ch\u00e9lateurs de fer).<\/li><li><strong>2006 &#8211;<\/strong> Mise au point d\u2019un mod\u00e8le de souris atteinte d\u2019ataxie de Friedreich reproduisant tr\u00e8s fid\u00e8lement la situation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des patients. Ce mod\u00e8le reproduit le m\u00e9canisme mol\u00e9culaire de la maladie (la pr\u00e9sence de la m\u00eame mutation, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l\u2019expansion anormale de GAA) et reproduit certains sympt\u00f4mes pr\u00e9coces de la maladie notamment une faible quantit\u00e9 de frataxine. Ces mod\u00e8les sont compl\u00e9mentaires aux pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents et vont permettre de tester des mol\u00e9cules th\u00e9rapeutiques, notamment celles visant \u00e0 contrer la mutation.<\/li><li><strong>2007-2011 &#8211;<\/strong> Les mod\u00e8les cellulaires (cellules humaines, de souris, levures) permettent de mieux en mieux comprendre les m\u00e9canismes de la maladie et les mod\u00e8les animaux (mouches, poissons, souris) se multiplient, \u00e9clairant les aspects cach\u00e9s de la fonction de la frataxine.<\/li><li><strong>2014 &#8211;<\/strong> Mise au point d\u2019une th\u00e9rapie g\u00e9nique utilisant un vecteur viral porteur d\u2019une copie fonctionnelle du g\u00e8ne de la frataxine dans un mod\u00e8le murin. En l\u2019absence d\u2019un mod\u00e8le animal fiable pour l\u2019\u00e9tude de la d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence neuronale, cette th\u00e9rapie g\u00e9nique n\u2019a pas pu \u00eatre test\u00e9e seulement dans le cas d\u2019atteinte cardiaque.<\/li><li><strong>2018 &#8211;<\/strong> Mise au point d\u2019un nouveau mod\u00e8le animal reproduisant l\u2019ataxie sensitive et c\u00e9r\u00e9belleuse de la maladie de Friedreich, et d\u00e9monstration avec ce mod\u00e8le de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 d\u2019une th\u00e9rapie g\u00e9nique destin\u00e9e \u00e0 en gu\u00e9rir les sympt\u00f4mes neurologiques.<\/li><li><strong>En cours :<\/strong> Identification et validation de biomarqueurs sp\u00e9cifiques de l\u2019ataxie de Friedreich<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-26a4253\" data-id=\"26a4253\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d66311 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d66311\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Liens utiles<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfd893f elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bfd893f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b161e90 pdf2-colonne-laterale nouvelle-fenetre elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b161e90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.afaf.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Les-grandes-dates-de-la-recherche-Janvier-2014-Espoir-135.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Les grandes dates de la recherche : 1880 \u00e0 2013 \u2013 Janvier 2014 (Espoir 135)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4e9bf6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4e9bf6c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"preclinique\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-895c6b4\" data-id=\"895c6b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e71d783 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e71d783\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">La recherche pr\u00e9clinique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2e83d5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f2e83d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-07bc644 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"07bc644\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-custom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-378b302\" data-id=\"378b302\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ee3d99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ee3d99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La recherche non clinique ou pr\u00e9clinique est une recherche effectu\u00e9e chez l\u2019animal. Lorsqu\u2019un candidat m\u00e9dicament est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9, sont notamment \u00e9tudi\u00e9s la pharmacologie, la pharmacocin\u00e9tique et la toxicologie. <\/p><p>Les \u00e9tudes de pharmacologie ont pour but de valider le m\u00e9canisme d\u2018action et de mesurer l\u2019activit\u00e9 du candidat m\u00e9dicament dans des mod\u00e8les exp\u00e9rimentaux de la maladie, in vitro (dans des cellules) et in vivo (chez l\u2019animal). <\/p><p>Les \u00e9tudes de pharmacocin\u00e9tique permettent de d\u00e9crire le comportement et le devenir du compos\u00e9 dans un organisme vivant, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire comment l\u2019organisme proc\u00e8de \u00e0 son absorption, \u00e0 sa distribution, \u00e0 sa transformation et \u00e0 son \u00e9limination. <\/p><p>Les principaux objectifs des \u00e9tudes pr\u00e9cliniques sont de d\u00e9terminer une dose initiale s\u00fbre pour la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tude sur l&#8217;homme et d&#8217;\u00e9valuer la toxicit\u00e9 potentielle du candidat m\u00e9dicament. <br \/>Les \u00e9tudes de toxicologie visent quant \u00e0 elles \u00e0 \u00e9tablir quels sont les organes cibles et les doses toxiques du candidat m\u00e9dicament pour un organisme vivant. On d\u00e9terminera ainsi les doses \u00e0 administrer \u00e0 l\u2019Homme au cours des essais cliniques en appliquant des marges de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 r\u00e9duire au maximum les risques li\u00e9s aux premi\u00e8res expositions humaines. <br \/>On aura ainsi une premi\u00e8re approche des potentiels effets ind\u00e9sirables du futur m\u00e9dicament chez l\u2019Homme, ce qui permettra de suivre ces effets de mani\u00e8re proactive lors des essais cliniques. Tous les m\u00e9dicaments n\u00e9cessitent des donn\u00e9es provenant de diverses \u00e9tudes toxicologiques pr\u00e9cliniques pour \u00e9tayer leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9 potentielle chez l&#8217;homme avant que les essais cliniques puissent commencer.<br \/><br \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-63c83e3\" data-id=\"63c83e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6703a10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6703a10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sources<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed262e7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ed262e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46c56e5 liens2-colonne-laterale nouvelle-fenetre elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46c56e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.filiere-g2m.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maladies rares du m\u00e9tabolisme<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8b9661f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8b9661f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-40214b2\" data-id=\"40214b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d31c840 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"d31c840\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"578\" class=\"elementor elementor-578\" data-elementor-post-type=\"oceanwp_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-43c347e elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"43c347e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-186798c\" data-id=\"186798c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04bb719 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"04bb719\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.afaf.asso.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Logo-blanc_simple-1-q1ww1nh0svlc8x6kbcgbj84qq17mf0pfy8gdrayk1s.png\" title=\"Logo blanc_simple\" alt=\"logo AFAF (Association Fran\u00e7aise Ataxie Friedreich)\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-301d943\" data-id=\"301d943\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b47be8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b47be8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Avancer ensemble,<\/p><p>C&#8217;est aussi pouvoir compter sur votre aide !<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a663678 elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a663678\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-lg elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.afaf.asso.fr\/nous-soutenir\/donner\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Je fais un don<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La recherche fondamentale pour l\u2019Ataxie de Friedreich consiste \u00e0 mieux comprendre la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et les m\u00e9canismes de la maladie, de la fonction des g\u00e8nes jusqu\u2019aux cons\u00e9quences dans l\u2019organisme et ainsi ouvrir des perspectives de traitements. Elle travaille sur la mise au point de mod\u00e8les biologiques, qui permettent de comprendre la maladie mais aussi tester des [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":1618,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"ocean_front_end_style_editor":"no","ocean_post_layout":"full-screen","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"enable","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"on","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1751","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry","owp-thumbs-layout-horizontal","owp-btn-normal","owp-tabs-layout-section","has-no-thumbnails"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Recherche fondamentale - Association Fran\u00e7aise Ataxie de Friedreich<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.afaf.asso.fr\/la-recherche\/recherche-fondamentale-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Recherche fondamentale - Association Fran\u00e7aise Ataxie de Friedreich\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La recherche fondamentale pour l\u2019Ataxie de Friedreich consiste \u00e0 mieux comprendre la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et les m\u00e9canismes de la maladie, de la fonction des g\u00e8nes jusqu\u2019aux cons\u00e9quences dans l\u2019organisme et ainsi ouvrir des perspectives de traitements. 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